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About:
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Battery management system (BMS) is technology dedicated
to the oversight of a battery pack, which is an assembly of
battery cells, electrically organized in a row x column
matrix configuration to enable delivery of targeted range of
voltage and current for a duration of time against expected
load scenarios. The oversight that a BMS provides usually
includes:
</p>
<p>
Monitoring the battery<br/>
</p>
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Providing battery protection
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<p>
Estimating the battery’s operational state
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Continually optimizing battery performance
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Reporting operational status to external devices
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</p>
<p>
Here, the term "battery" implies the entire
pack; however, the monitoring and control functions are
specifically applied to individual cells, or groups of cells
called modules in the overall battery pack assembly.
Lithium-ion rechargeable cells have the highest energy
density and are the standard choice for battery packs for
many consumer products, from laptops to electric vehicles.
While they perform superbly, they can be rather unforgiving
if operated outside a generally tight safe operating area
(SOA), with outcomes ranging from compromising the battery
performance to outright dangerous consequences. The BMS
certainly has a challenging job description, and its overall
complexity and oversight outreach may span many disciplines
such as electrical, digital, control, thermal, and hydraulic.
</p>
<p>
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</p>
<p>
And how does a <a href="http://www.hiccn.com/lithium-
ion-battery-bms/" target="_self">Lithium Ion Battery BMS</a>
work?
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<p>
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<p>
THE BASICS
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A <a href="http://www.hiccn.com/lithium-ion-battery/"
target="_self">Lithium Ion Battery</a> is made up of an
anode, cathode, separator, electrolyte, and two current
collectors (positive and negative). The anode and cathode
store the lithium. The electrolyte carries positively charged
lithium ions from the anode to the cathode and vice versa
through the separator. The movement of the lithium ions
creates free electrons in the anode which creates a charge at
the positive current collector. The electrical current then
flows from the current collector through a device being
powered (cell phone, computer, etc.) to the negative current
collector. The separator blocks the flow of electrons inside
the battery.
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<p>
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<p>
CHARGE/DISCHARGE
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<p>
While the battery is discharging and providing an
electric current, the anode releases lithium ions to the
cathode, generating a flow of electrons from one side to the
other. When plugging in the device, the opposite happens:
Lithium ions are released by the cathode and received by the
anode.
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<p>
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</p>
<p>
ENERGY DENSITY VS. POWER DENSITY
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<p>
The two most common concepts associated with batteries
are energy density and power density. Energy density is
measured in watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg) and is the amount
of energy the battery can store with respect to its mass.
Power density is measured in watts per kilogram (W/kg) and is
the amount of power that can be generated by the battery with
respect to its mass. To draw a clearer picture, think of
draining a pool. Energy density is similar to the size of the
pool, while power density is comparable to draining the pool
as quickly as possible.
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<p>
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</p>
<p>
The Vehicle Technologies Office works on increasing the
energy density of batteries, while reducing the cost, and
maintaining an acceptable power density.
</p>
<p>
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</p>
<p>
What's more,, there are many different types of
Lithium Ion Battery with different models, such as <a
href="http://www.hiccn.com/lithium-ion-battery-bms/12v-
lithium-ion-battery-bms/" target="_self">12V Lithium Ion
Battery BMS</a>, <a href="http://www.hiccn.com/lithium-ion-
battery-bms/24v-lithium-ion-battery-bms/" target="_self">24V
Lithium Ion Battery BMS</a>, <a
href="http://www.hiccn.com/lithium-ion-battery/prismatic-
lithium-ion-cell/" target="_self">Prismatic Lithium-ion
Cell</a>, <a href="http://www.hiccn.com/lfp-battery-
system/48v-lithium-ion-battery-system/" target="_self">48V
Lithium Ion Battery System</a>, <a
href="http://www.hiccn.com/lfp-battery-system/256v-lithium-
ion-battery-system/" target="_self">256V Lithium Ion Battery
System</a>, <a href="http://www.hiccn.com/lfp-battery-
system/512v-lithium-ion-battery-system/" target="_self">512V
Lithium Ion Battery System</a>, <a
href="http://www.hiccn.com/lithium-ion-battery-bms/36v-
lithium-ion-battery-bms/" target="_self">36V Lithium Ion
Battery BMS</a>, <a href="http://www.hiccn.com/lithium-ion-
battery-bms/48v-lithium-ion-battery-bms/" target="_self">48V
Lithium Ion Battery BMS</a>, etc.
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