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About:
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<h2 id="what-is-additive-manufacturing-am">
What is Additive Manufacturing (AM)?
</h2>
<p>
A technical committee under ASTM international finally defined these processes
appropriately as Additive Manufacturing (AM), as the technology builds 3D parts by
adding material, as compared to subtractive manufacturing.
</p>
<p>
According to ISO/ASTM 52900-2015, <a
href="http://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/additive/"
target="_self">Additive</a> manufacturing is commonly given to the technologies
that use successive layers of material to create a three-dimensional object. By
using various techniques the printer builds the 3D geometry by constructing a thin
2D plane layer by layer.
</p>
<p>
There are seven main categories of AM technologies viz Vat photopolymerisation,
Material Extrusion, Material Jetting, Binder Jetting, Powder bed fusion, Direct
energy deposition and Sheet lamination.
</p>
<h2 id="additive-manufacturing-technology-types">
Additive manufacturing technology types
</h2>
<p>
Many companies have invented and introduced new techniques and Because the
technology is fairly new, the companies who develop and introduce different
techniques come up with their own marketing terms for the process, even though the
core technique might be the same.
</p>
<p>
As per ISO/ASTM standards AM can be divided into the following seven process
categories or types according to the techniques used to create those layers. Though
companies who have developed some of the AM technologies have their own names.
</p>
<h3 id="vat-photo-polymerization">
Vat Photo Polymerization
</h3>
<p>
In this process, a liquid photopolymer is selectively cured by light-activated
polymerization to create a 3D part. It is based on the curing and hardening of
photopolymers on exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The main types of this
technology are Stereolithography (SLA), Digital Light Processing (DLP) and
Continuous Digital Light Processing. Only Plastic can be printed using these
technologies.
</p>
<h3 id="binder-jetting-process">
Binder jetting process
</h3>
<p>
As the name implies this technique selectively deposits the bonding agent a
binding liquid to join the powder material together to form a 3D part. This process
is different to any other AM technology as it does not employ heat during the
process like others to fuse the material.
</p>
<h3 id="directed-energy-deposition">
Directed energy deposition
</h3>
<p>
Direct energy deposition uses focused thermal energy such as a laser, electron
beam, or plasma arc to fuse materials by melting as they are being deposited. Types
include LENS, EBAM.
</p>
<h5>
Benefits of cosmetics
</h5>
<div>
<p>
While some people believe that <a
href="http://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/cosmetic/"
target="_self">cosmetic</a> and personal care products are a recent invention,
discoveries of their use and widespread benefits go back thousands of years.
Today, Europe’s 500 million consumers use them to protect their health, enhance
wellbeing and boost their self-esteem.
</p>
</div>
<h5>
Functional benefits
</h5>
<div>
<p>
Cosmetics contribute to wellbeing and healthy lifestyles. Our hands carry
pathogens from contaminated sources; so simple tasks such as washing hands with
soap can help prevent serious illness. Indeed, multiple studies have shown that the
leading causes of child mortality in developing countries, diarrhoea and
respiratory infections, can be prevented by hand washing with soap. The use of
toothpaste, particularly when containing fluoride, reduces the prevalence of dental
caries. Toothpaste reduces plaque and tartar, which can lead to tooth damage and
gum disease. Beyond health, there are economic advantages to dental care: there is
strong evidence that the benefits of preventing tooth decay far exceed the costs of
treatment. Indeed, if we assume that, without toothpaste, total expenditure on oral
health would be 5% higher, the total benefits of using toothpaste (in terms of
avoided costs) would be approximately €26.5 billion by 2020.
</p>
</div>
<div>
<p>
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation is the only established exogenous causal
factor for melanoma, a type of skin cancer that can spread to other organs of the
body. Consistent and optimal use of sunscreen may prevent the incidence of
melanoma. A study carried out between 1992 and 2006 and reported in ‘Reduced
melanoma after regular sunscreen use: randomised trial follow up’ in the Journal
of Clinical Oncology (2011) examined the cancer rates of two groups of adults aged
between 25 and 75 years old. One used sunscreen daily and the other did so at their
discretional frequency. It was found that invasive melanoma was reduced by 75% for
approximately 15 years after trial cessation in the group that applied sunscreen
daily.
</p>
</div>
<h2>
Emotional benefits
</h2>
<div>
<p>
Beyond physical health, cosmetics can help to improve our mood, enhance our
appearance and boost our self-esteem. They can also help to exhibit personal style
and, as such, are an important means of social expression. In a study by FEBEA,
over 60% of respondents claimed that cosmetics have a positive impact on well-
being, image, self-confidence and mood, with a large proportion (+40%) also
identifying benefits in terms of social life, love life, family life, professional
life and health.
</p>
<p>
A study published by IKW, the German Cosmetic, Toiletry, Perfumery and
Detergent Association, assessing the self-perception of adolescents and young
adults, found that 73% believe body and beauty care is very important in their
lives. Moreover, 85% feel safer when they use cosmetics products, and 63% feel more
attractive when they do so.
</p>
</div>
<h2>
Synthetic Chemical<br/>
</h2>
<p>
<a href="http://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/"
target="_self">Synthetic chemical</a>s are usually applied as additives in everyday
products, which can help to improve the flexibility and versatility of these
materials. For instance, plasticizers and flame retardants are commonly used in
plastic products and electronic <a href="http://www.bloomtechz.com/"
target="_self">products</a> respectively. However, many of the chemicals used in
these products will inevitably enter the environment. Some synthetic chemicals can
exhibit environmental persistence and possess characteristics of bioaccumulation,
which can induce acute or chronic toxicity for organisms and further influence both
ecological and human health. Therefore, despite the fact that the chemicals in
these products play an important role for promoting the development of human
society, the risks they pose to the environmental health of our planet must not be
neglected.
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